Sensor Noise

Noise is generated by electrons within each pixel that is not generated by light and this typically happens in two ways. Firstly, by the readout process and secondly by the inherent background energy which typically increases with heat. This is often called 'dark noise'. In slower applications the dark noise becomes predominant, because each exposure has more time to accumulate these unwanted, rogue electrons. Faster systems with short exposure times limit dark noise build up but the clocking increases the readout noise.
Dark noise can be reduced by cooling the sensor, which removes inherent energy from the sensor, thus reducing the number of rogue electrons.

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